Many people don’t realize that if you are in default on a bank loan (for a mortgage, car loan, personal loan, etc.), the bank has the right to take those funds from any accounts you may have at that bank – and without any notice they are doing so. This is known as “right to set off”.
According to the law, when you deposit money into a bank account, the money becomes the property of the bank. This now makes you one of the bank’s “creditors” for the amount of money of the deposit. The deposit becomes essentially the bank’s promise to pay you. When you then borrow money from the same bank, you have now developed a “mutual debtor-creditor” relationship and that’s what gives the bank the right to withdraw money from your account should you default on the money you owe them.
The right to set off only applies to banks you owe money to. For example, if you have a savings account at Bank A and defaulted on a car loan you have with Bank B, Bank B doesn’t have the right to set off your account at Bank A.
There are also other restrictions as well. The account the bank is attempting to withdraw from and the loan that is owed must be the same customer. And the loan and the bank account must be in the same capacity. In other words, if you have an individual car loan with a bank, they cannot withdraw from an account you own jointly with another individual.
If you have accounts with a banking institution where you also have loans, you may want to consider ways to protect yourself from the right to set off. Keep low balances in your accounts. Open up a bank account with a bank which you don’t have debt with. It’s particularly important to research just which banks you owe money to, especially with items such as credit cards, because it’s not always obvious which bank actually owns the “loan”.
If you have had funds seized by your financial institution, consult with an experienced Arizona bankruptcy attorney to contest the seizure and try to get your funds back.










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